What is the material titanium-doped sapphire?
Titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) is a high-performance laser crystal formed by doping trivalent titanium ions (Ti³⁺) into the matrix of blue sapphire (Al₂O₃). It is one of the widely used stable solid-state laser materials at present.
This crystal is dark red in color and has an extremely wide gain bandwidth (approximately 650–1100 nm), enabling continuous wavelength-stable laser output and the generation of femtosecond-level ultrashort pulses. Its high thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and mechanical strength make it the core gain medium for high-power laser systems.